New breeds of pint-sized heifers and bulls are making it easier for small farmers to raise cattle for milk, meat or just fun.

Bill Bryan, who operates a 50-acre spread on Maryland's Eastern Shore, sold seven calves last year.

"We've sold the vast majority of our calves to people who have these little three- to five-acre farmettes and they'll fence in an acre, buy a calf and more or less keep 'em for pets," Bryan said. Two mini cattle calves stood nearby, contentedly munching on grass in a small fenced-in area, skittering away if visitors got too close.

Bryan is among a group of pioneering breeders raising miniature cattle that can be as little as a third of the size of the larger breeds.

The reasons are many, they say. You don't need the back 40 acres to raise these breeds; the back four will do. Mini cattle eat about a third as much as a full-sized steer, are less destructive of pasture land and fencing, and are easier to handle.

"I'm 56 years old, and you want to know something? I can handle them better," Bryan said, recounting a struggle the winter before with a full-size steer who got his horns caught in a hay rack.

While each animal may be smaller, more meat can be produced overall from each acre, breeders say. And the smaller size of each animal also has its benefits.

While some people look to save money by buying an entire cow or a side of beef, it can be difficult to store the hundreds of pounds of meat from a 1,200- to 1,500-pound steer, of which about 40 percent makes it to the freezer.

Miniature cattle, which often are between 500 and 700 pounds, provide enough meat to last six months for a family of four. That's just about the freezer shelf life of beef, Bryan said. And the meat tastes the same, depending on how the cattle has been raised and fed.

Bryan, who runs a construction business, said his wife, Donna, does most of the farm work, spending about two hours a day taking care of their animals.

"Women can raise these steers just as well as men can," Bryan said.

Miniature cattle calves are more expensive than the standard size because they are still relatively rare. Bryan said he is getting $1,600 for female calves and $1,000 for bulls, compared with $500 to $600 for normal calves. But he expects prices to drop as the mini varieties become more common.

Richard H. Gradwohl, who has developed a number of small breeds at his Happy Mountain Miniature Cattle Farm in Covington, Wash., said six niche markets have developed.

Five of those markets are: small-scale milk production, breeding, showing, organic beef production or for the farm-grown market, which produces cattle on smaller farms, Gradwohl said. The sixth market — pets — accounts for 60 percent to 70 percent of sales, he estimated.

Bryan also noted that most of his calves will die "of old age" because buyers are usually looking to breed the smaller cows themselves or keep them as pets.

Full miniature cattle are defined as those below 42 inches at the hip when fully grown, while mid-size miniatures are up to 48 inches, said Gradwohl, who registers 26 miniature breeds.

Another factor driving the popularity is that most people don't have enough land for full-sized cattle, which need five acres for two cattle, compared with an acre for a pair of miniature cattle.

"The years where we had people with three, four, five hundred acres are gone," Gradwohl said. "If you have five acres with miniature cattle, the concentration is about two per acre, so you can raise 10 miniature cattle on five acres quite well."